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Hajime ASAMA, Isao ENDO
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
239-242
Published: February 05, 1990
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Michimasa KISHIMOTO
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
243-246
Published: February 05, 1990
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Teruyuki NAGAMUNE
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
247-250
Published: February 05, 1990
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Toshio FUKUDA, Osamu HASEGAWA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
251-254
Published: February 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
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Bunji HIRUTA, Shimpei SUZUKI, Michio TAIRA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
255-258
Published: February 05, 1990
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Hisateru TAKANO, Mitsuo UMEZU, Yoshiyuki TAENAKA, Takeshi NAKATANI
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
259-263
Published: February 05, 1990
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Yoshihide CHIBA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
264-269
Published: February 05, 1990
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Tsunehiko NISHIMURA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
270-274
Published: February 05, 1990
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Toru MASUZAWA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
275-279
Published: February 05, 1990
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Tadao INOMATA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
282-286
Published: February 05, 1990
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Munenori TSUGE
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
287-291
Published: February 05, 1990
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Toshiro HIGUCHI, Tomomi YAMAGUCHI, Ikuo MAEHARA, Kiyoshi SAITO
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
293-298
Published: February 05, 1990
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This paper presents a high speed non-circular machining NC-lathe for cutting a piston-head of a reciprocating engine. In the non-circular machining, it is indispensable for a cutting tool to reciprocate in phase with the rotation of the main spindle. This cutting tool positioning mechanism needs high frequency response and high power. So an electro-hydraulic servomechanism was applied to the positioning mechanism, and the non-circular machining NC-lathe was developed. The machining of a piston-head needs higher speed cutting, and so the positioning servomechanism needs higher frequency response. But the previously developed positioning mechanism does not have the required frequency response because the mass of the cutting tool and the base is too heavy. So the lightening of the mass and the increase of the hydraulic power source pressure and so on have made the required frequency response possible, and the high speed non-circular machining NC-lathe has been newly developed for machining of a piston-head.
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Mitsuo Takatsuto, Toshiaki Furusawa, Noboru Takada, Kozo Kishi
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
299-304
Published: February 05, 1990
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This paper describes a ball end mill cutting in gradient optimizing feed. The method consists of cutting of optimized feed on each gradient in three dimensional curved surface (thereafter referred to as gradient optimizing feed). An attempt was made to cutting in rising gradient cutting, falling gradient cutting in an inclined plane with ball end mill. It was observed that there was optimized feed in each gradient degree. So, an attempt was made to cutting in gradient optimizing feed and continuous feed. As a result, it was found that the gradient optimizing feed was successful not only in improving tool life, but also in achieving better finished surface roughness.
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In Case of Wedge Shape Plane with Discontinuously Distributing Load
Kiyoshi Isogimi, Fumitoshi Kobayashi
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
305-310
Published: February 05, 1990
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In this paper the properties of caustic patterns necessary to apply the caustic experimental method to stress analysis in cutting operations were made clear. Under simplified two dimensional conditions, the object of study is a wedge shape plane with discontinuously distributing oblique load divided into 2 or 3 parts over loading region. Specimens are made of acrylate resin plate of about 3 mm thickness. The caustic patterns formed by reflected lights from the both surfaces of plate are observed and those characteristics with loading conditions are investigated in detail. On the other hand the computational patterns based on optical theory and mapping method are plotted. These two patterns are coincided accurately enough. With gained results the convenient simple formula to evaluate one end vale of external load is proposed.
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Smoothing Characteristics of Substrate Surface Roughness
Masashige MITSUHASHI
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
311-316
Published: February 05, 1990
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This paper deals with smoothing characteristics of substrate surface roughness by polishing. An attempt was made to analyze the smoothing quantity of surface roughness, when changing polishing conditions. In the analysis, a formula on the pressure distribution between substrate surface roughness and polisher was derived from Hertz's formula. An equation about the smoothing quantity of surface roughness derived involving the smoothing primary texture and waviness of surface roughness. Calculated smoothing quantities of surface roughness were in agreement with experimental results. The smoothing characteristics of surface roughness which has been conceptually considered can be explained well by the derived equation. The polishing conditions of disk substrate are discussed. In order to smooth surface roughness with a little stock removal quantity at short polishing time, the disk substrate should be polished with low pressure and with high relative velocity.
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Shinichi Tezuka, Masanori Yoshikawa
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
317-322
Published: February 05, 1990
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If ceramics are processed with laser beam, cracks and solidification emerge or the color of irradiated surface changes. Moreover, laser processing is one of thermal machining, since the materials reach high temperature and phase transformations may occur as a result. These phenomena have an affect on the reliability of materials. In this paper, surface alteration such as cracks, solidification, profile, color changing and phase transformations of zirconia ceramics which appear by YAG laser irradiating with various condition is described. The cracks and solidification appear on or under the surface by irradiating the laser beam in the gas atmosphere, furthermore micro void is existed under the surface. But in the aqueous solution, these cracks, solidification and micro void are not observed. The color change was observed by irradiating in gas atmosphere except O
2 gas and aqueous solution. The white became black. This is caused by lack of oxygen. The phase transformation occurs particularly in the gas atmosphere. By irradiating in the gas, monoclinic zirconia is transformed into tetragonal zirconia.
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Polishing Characteristics with Siliconoxide Deposited Polishing Disk
Takashi NISHIGUCHI, Masami MASUDA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
323-328
Published: February 05, 1990
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For the purpose of developing precision polishing method of a diamond stylus for video disc player (CED type), polishing technology using siliconoxide deposited polishing disk is discussed experimentally in this paper. Stock removal rate of the diamond stylus, using the silicon-oxide deposited polishing disk, is in proportion to the polishing distance and load. This fact is as same as the conventional polishing technology. However, the stock removal rate is found to be influenced by the relative humidity of the polishing environment. When polishing in 20 RH%, the stock removal rate is four and a half times larger than that in 60 RH%. In order to obtain a siliconoxide polishing disk which can achieve larger stock removal rate, deposition experiment and the siliconoxide analysis is carried out. Thereby, a siliconoxide which is deposited with SiO in O
2 plasma gives the largest stock removal rate. This is due to the fact that the siliconoxide best for the polishing has the most Si-O bonds and less H
2O, Si-OH.
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Analyses of Chatter Growth and Suppression Mechanism
Eiji USUI, Jin WU, Toshiyuki OBIKAWA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
329-335
Published: February 05, 1990
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Cutting models which consist of lines of velocity discontinuity are proposed for analyzing the dynamic, orthogonal cutting with tools of restricted tool-chip contact length under variable undeformed chip thickness. An energy method is also developed which enables us to predict dynamic cutting force and chip formation by using the cutting models proposed and the data of steady cutting with constant undeformed chip thickness. Through the analysis of the dynamic cutting "wave combined" and the simulation analysis of chatter growth in one degree of freedom, the predicted results with the energy method are proved to be in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. It is also revealed through these analyses that the restriction of the contact length yields an appreciable reduction of the variation of cutting force, especially the frictional force, due to chatter vibration. The chatter suppression effect of the tool could be attributed to this reduction. It is further shown analytically and also experimentally that the chatter generation may be protected with the tool of sufficiently small contact length, or at least the chatter growth may be depressed to a certain amplitude.
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FEM Analysis of Chip Formation at Exit
Toshiyuki OBIKAWA, Takashi MATSUMURA, Eiji USUI
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
336-342
Published: February 05, 1990
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A finite element modeling, which accompanies a modified effective strain criterion for crack initiation and growth, is developed for simulating the transient chip formation at the exit of interrupted cutting. Through the FEM simulation, occurrence of the negative shear and formation of the broken chip with "foot" are realized, the large variations of tool-chip contact length and stress distribution on the tool face being obtained. It is also revealed against A. J. Pekelharing's inference that the reversing of frictional stress on the tool face due to the chip rotation does not take place in any instance of the exit, since the chip always maintains its upward moving, even after the crack initiation. As the cutting edge sticks into the root of chip during the crack growth, the generated compressive stress appears to reduce the fracture probability of cutting edge.
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Naoto Ohtake, Masahiro Nakamura, Masanori Yoshikawa
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
343-348
Published: February 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
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Diamond and amorphous carbon mixed deposits are synthesized on molybdenum substrates from methane and hydrogen gases by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method at the methane concentration of 3%. The deposition process and the structure of the mixture deposits are investigated by SEM, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, and it was found that the pyramidal-figure diamonds and amorphous carbon mixed particles are deposited at the first stage, then the diamond becomes a dominant factor, and the deposits grow to be (100) preferred diamonds. A lapping tool is prepared by using the diamond and amorphous carbon mixed fine grains which are deposited on molybdenum substrates. The lapping experiment of sintered alumina is conducted by this lapping tool. The sintered alumina surface is finished to 0.6 μm Rmax by 30 s lapping. The finishing rate of the alumina is about 1 μm/s. These results suggest that the gas-phase synthesized diamond can be used for the ceramic materials lapping tool.
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Tomio MATSUBARA, Hisataka YAMAMOTO, Hiroshi MIZUMOTO, Yasuhiro SONOYAM ...
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
349-354
Published: February 05, 1990
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In this paper, a new method is proposed to minimize the grinding cycle time of cylindrical plunge grinding operations. The proposed method is based on the changing of the velocity ratio (the peripheral speed of workpiece/the peripheral speed of grinding wheel) in a grinding cycle although the conventional plunge grinding has been done with a constant velocity ratio in one cycle. The proposed plunge grinding cycle consists of three stages ; that is, (1) the rough grinding with high velocity ratio, (2) the fine grinding with low velocity ratio and (3) the spark-out grinding with low velocity ratio. At the first stage (the rough grinding), the reduction in grinding time is planed by high stock removal rate based on high velocity ratio. On the other hand, the main role at the second stage (the fine grinding) and the third stage (the spark-out grinding) is improving the surface quality of the workpiece, especially the decrease of the surface roughness and the damaged surface layer by relatively low velocity ratio. The validity of this method has been examined by computer simulations and some experiments. As a result of this, it has been cleared that the cylindrical plunge grinding with a high efficiency can be realized without the deterioration of the workpiece surface quality by using the proposed grinding method.
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Makoto OGAWA, Kazuo NAKAYAMA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
355-360
Published: February 05, 1990
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Nicks engraved on the cutting edges of twist drill divide chips into narrower ones and, as the result, bring about the reduced drilling forces and prolonged drill life. This report points out further contribution of nicks in improving the hole accuracy: Properly designed nicks suppress the tottering of drill at the intial stage of drilling, and improve the roundness and cylindricity of the hole produced. For the design of appropriate nicks, the effects of the geometry and position of nicks on drill performance are shown experimentally.
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Nobuyuki OKUBO, Kazuya IMAMURA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
361-366
Published: February 05, 1990
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The experimental modal analysis is widely used to analyze the dynamic behaviours of a machine, which is based on the measurement of frequency response functions when the structure under stationary is excited by a hammer or an exciter. In many cases, the dynamic behaviours under stationary is more or less different from those under operation, which are more important consideration in dynamic design. Under operation only the response data are available so that the frequency response functions can not be measured. In this situation the response ratio method has been commonly used by simply calculating auto-cross spectra among the response data which yields inaccurate results due to contaminated noise or closely coupled modes. In this paper the principal component analysis that is the eigenvalue decomposition of auto-cross spectra matrix is utilized to overcome these problems. In addition the AR method is introduced in order to calculate the spectra even in transient state under operation instead of FFT. The dynamic behaviours when a motor bike gets over a bump is dealt with to show how the new method proposed can provide detail and accurate analysis on dynamic behaviours.
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Koichi ANDO, Hiroyuki YOSHIKAWA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
367-372
Published: February 05, 1990
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This paper deals with a method for automatic generation of intermediate manufacturing information required for linking the result of design with the tasks in process planning. The method is characterized as that such manufacturing information is derived from the designer's intention expressed in the form of functional descriptions and their related geometries, both of which can be preserved in the product design stages in the CAD system. In order to describe the designer's intention in a unified way, we develop a descriptive frame work to represent the functions of the design object by three types of basic functions about a face element; function of (1) transmission, (2) constraint, (3) fixation, and by two items of functional properties such as the mechanism utilized for realization of the basic function and the condition and direction of the motion. By using this representation, the intermediate manufacturing information can easily be obtained. To confirm the validity of the method proposed in this paper, a prototype system of intermediate manufacturing planning has been fabricated. An appropriate result is obtained. This work is carried out under full consideration to realize the integration of CAD and CAM.
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Yasuhiro TAKAYA, Takashi MIYOSHI, Katsumasa SAITO
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
373-380
Published: February 05, 1990
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A new method based on the Fraunhofer diffraction theory which can estimate RMS roughness of super smooth random surface such as the polished or lapped surface is presented in this paper. The relations between the random surface roughness and the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern are analized theoretically and an equation which can estimate quantitatively the RMS roughness is derived. In order to verify the validity of this proposed method, computer simula-tions as well as experiments for the silicon wafer with a surface roughness of 1-10 nm R
rms are carried out. In addition, STM is used for checking the surface roughnesses of the workpieces. Consequently, it is found that this method makes it possible to measure the surface roughness within a 10% error from 1 nm to maximum 120 nm R
rms. Moreover, from experiments using an improved measuring system which can evaluate the texture all over the surface of a silicon wafer, this method is found to be useful for measuring quickly and easily the ultra fine surface roughness of the complete surface even if workpiece is set with a tilt and vibrates when the table is moving.
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Principle of the Method and Preliminary Experiment
Norimitsu OZAWA, Yutaka KITAMURA, Tsuguo KOHNO, Kimiyuki MITSUI, Yuich ...
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
381-387
Published: February 05, 1990
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A new measuring method is proposed for evaluating error motion of spindle rotation, where three laser beams entered through interferometers to a cube-corner prism (CCP) mounted on the spindle-end. The method was verified on an optical bench, and was applied to in-process measuring experiments for the spindle of the surface grinding machine. The noise level of the measuring system was found to be approximately 0.07 μm. And dynamic behavior of rotating spindle was measured accurately during surface grinding operations.
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Performance as Actuator of Giant Magnetostriction Materials RFey (R=Tb, Dy)
Hirosi EDA, Masashi SAHASHI, Tadahiko KOBAYASHI
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
388-392
Published: February 05, 1990
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Intermetallic compounds with the cubic laves phase structure of the type RFey (R=Tb, Dy) are well known to possess a large magnetostriction above 0.1%, and it has been pointed out that this type of compound may make it possible to provide increased precision and control over micropositioning device for high forces to position heavy objects, the accurate and fine focus laser mirrors, telescopes, and electronic microscope. In this study, the design and displacement characteristics for prototype giant magnetostriction actuator with ultra precision are presented. As the preliminary test results, it is certified that use of giant magnetostriction in actuators makes it possible to realize the high power stepping drive with ultra fine resolution of nano meter class, which is very hopeful micro movement tool post.
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Analysis on Strain Characteristics and Their Improvement
Takashi MATSUDA, Motohiro SATO, Koichiro SATO, Toru KITAGAWA
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
393-398
Published: February 05, 1990
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The strain characteristics in a solid double beam type load cell for scales with a stabilized pan, are analyzed and discussed by finite element analysis and experiments. And it is clarified that the nonlinearity and the error due to loading position is mainly due to the buckling of the beam. On those analysis, it is proposed how to reduce them, and it is ascertained by finite element analysis and experiments that the reduction method is effective.
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Akira HASHIMOTO, Kenjiro KIME, Naoyuki EGUSA, Sigekazu SAKABE
1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
399-404
Published: February 05, 1990
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This paper presents a lens actuator of optical head in an optical disc drive. A newly developed moving magnet method is applied to a two dimensional sliding and rotary lens actuator, and radically simplified. This method is to compose a magnetic suspension in focusing and tracking direction by means of yokes and a ring-shaped magnet magnetized in four pole at unequal intervarls, and the designing method of magnetic suspension is disclosed by a detailed magnetic field analysis. It has been further confirmed by analysis and experiment that the force in an undesired direction caused by movement of the magnet can be reduced by symmetrical magnetization. As a result, in driving force, control band and other characteristics, the same performance as in the moving coil type have been recognized.
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1990 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages
409
Published: 1990
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