In recent years, demand of milk and dairy products increased with increasing incomes for Mongolians in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Milk and dairy products were food resources sacred as the main sources of nutrient from ancient times. Although the dairy has been a major industry of Inner Mongolia, the pasturage in Inner Mongolia was excessively used by dairy and prairie was faced on the degradation and desertification. Pasturage was forbidden by the Government in 2004. The profit of dairy decreased with increasing the feed cost. The milk production notably increased with increasing consumption. Consumers got nervous after the Melamine Incident （the 2008 Chinese milk scandal） occurred aiming at cost reduction of producers. In order to seek sustainability, cost-effectiveness, supply-demand balance of milk, and dietary under the food safety, we investigated attitudes of the consumers toward preference of milk and dairy. In Horqin District, pasturage is partial forbidden. We investigated the opinion poll at the time of milk purchase; whether consumers buy expensive milk if it is safe. We also examined the existence of the demand of expensive milk and milk safety according to consumers’ attribute. Our results indicated that the consumers were most sensitive to freshness of milk, and older person likely bought expensive milk.

For a long time on the Musashino Upland, on the western part of the Kanto Plain, people planted trees around residences and thus maintained windbreak forests. However, since the 1950s, these forests have been cut down owing to urban development and the forest area has gradually decreased. Consequently, forests have lost their original role as windbreaks. Despite such circumstances, a well-developed windbreak forest planted in 1929 is still growing at the Kodaira Campus of Tsuda University. This study outlines the natural and cultural backgrounds of tree planting design for the windbreak forest at the University and, through the analysis of historical resources and archives, it demonstrates how the forest was planted at the site. The results suggest that saplings of approximately 3 m or more in height may have been used for planting this windbreak forest. In the early stage of forest growth, the main component species of the forest was pine tree and although this seems to have dominated until the 1950s, in the 1960s broad-leaved trees（ i.e., Japanese white oak）seem to have become the dominant species at the site. These findings reveal that the tree planting design for the windbreak forest at the Kodaira Campus, is characterized by a distinct idea based on the perspective of long-term planning to develop the forest and increase its functions for environmental conservation in the future.